What action is not allowed concerning the pantograph except in emergencies?

Raising or lowering the pantograph is an action that is restricted except during emergencies due to safety protocols and operational procedures. The pantograph is a crucial component that connects the train to the overhead catenary wire, supplying the necessary electricity for operation. Adjusting its position can pose risks not only to the integrity of the equipment but also to the safety of personnel and the train itself. As such, these actions are regulated to ensure that any necessary adjustments are only made under controlled circumstances, which would typically occur during emergency situations when no other options are viable.

In contrast, inspecting, cleaning, and aligning the pantograph are routine maintenance activities that are often performed to ensure the proper functioning of the system under normal operating conditions. These activities help identify and mitigate issues such as wear or misalignment before they develop into larger problems, thereby maintaining the overall reliability and safety of train operations.